Snippets (text quotes and extracts from authoritative sources)

A Snippet is a short quote or extract (typically a phrase, a sentence, or at most a few sentences) from an authoritative source document such as a specification, technical manual, or design manual. Throughout this site, content is often related to supporting Snippets and each Snippet page links back to the content pages that reference it! The Snippet and Note concepts are very closely related and they support each other.

The Snippet concept is also at the heart of the Parsing Analysis recipe for UML® and SysML®

Kind Snippet quote/extract Source UML keywords SysML keywords Keywords
INFO local - Implies that the Transition, if triggered, will not exit the composite (source) State, but it will exit and re-enter any state within the composite State that is in the current state configuration. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Transition, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, Enumeration, TransitionKind::local, State::entry, State::exit, composite State
SEMANTIC LiteralNull: In the context of a MultiplicityElement with a multiplicity lower bound of 0, this corresponds to the empty set (i.e., a set of no values). It is equivalent to specifying no values for the Element. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 LiteralNull, MultiplicityElement, value
INFO Like UML, SysML defines no specific semantics or constraints for properties with shared aggregation, but particular models or tools may interpret them in specific ways. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 AggregationKind::shared, AggregationKind, Association, Property
INFO Like any association end or property these can be the subject of parametric constraints, design values, units, and quantity kinds. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Association, Classifier, ObjectNode, Variable, Parameter Block, ValueType, SysML Block Definition Diagram, AdjunctProperty, AdjunctProperty::principal
INFO Light path in a Newtonian telescope. Wikipedia Newtonian reflector
INFO Light path in a Cassegrain telescope. Wikipedia Cassegrain telescope
INFO Leptons have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, spin, and mass. Wikipedia
INFO Leptons are spin 1/2 particles. The spin-statistics theorem thus implies that they are fermions and thus that they are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle: No two leptons of the same species can be in the same state at the same time. Wikipedia
INFO kind = local is the opposite of external, meaning that the Transition does not exit its containing State (and, hence, the exit Behavior of the containing State will not be executed). ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::source, Vertex, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, TransitionKind::local
INFO kind = local ... However, for local Transitions the target Vertex must be different from its source Vertex. A local Transition can only exist within a composite State. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::source, Vertex, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, TransitionKind::local, composite State, State::/isComposite
INFO kind = internal is a special case of a local Transition that is a self-transition (i.e., with the same source and target States), such that the State is never exited (and, thus, not re-entered), which means that no exit or entry Behaviors are executed ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::source, Vertex, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, TransitionKind::internal, Internal Transition compartment
INFO kind = internal ... This kind of Transition can only be defined if the source Vertex is a State. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::source, Vertex, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, TransitionKind::internal, Internal Transition compartment
INFO kind = external means that the Transition exits its source Vertex. If the Vertex is a State, then executing this Transition will result in the execution of any associated exit Behavior of that State. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::source, Vertex, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, TransitionKind::external
INFO Just like a Class, a Stereotype may have Properties, which have traditionally been referred to as Tag Definitions. When a Stereotype is applied to a model element, the values of the Properties have traditionally been referred to as tagged values. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Stereotype, stereotype Property, tagged value, tag definition
SEMANTIC junction – This type of Pseudostate is used to connect multiple Transitions into compound paths between States. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Pseudostate, PseudostateKind::junction, Transition
SEMANTIC junction – ...It may happen that, for a particular compound transition, the configuration of Transition paths and guard values is such that the compound transition is prevented from reaching a valid state configuration. In those cases, the entire ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Pseudostate, PseudostateKind::junction, Transition, StateMachine, valid state configuration, state configuration
RULE junction – ... If more than one guard evaluates to true, one of these is chosen. The algorithm for making this selection is not defined. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Pseudostate, PseudostateKind::junction, Transition, Transition::guard
INFO JTAG: The connector pins are: 1. TDI (Test Data In); 2. TDO (Test Data Out); 3. TCK (Test Clock); 4. TMS (Test Mode Select); 5. TRST (Test Reset) optional. Wikipedia JTAG, electronics, PCB, printed circuit board, micro-controller
INFO JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture. Wikipedia JTAG, electronics, PCB, printed circuit board, micro-controller
CONSTRAINT joinSpec ... This evaluation shall not be interrupted by any new tokens offered during the evaluation, nor shall concurrent evaluations be started when new tokens are offered during an evaluation. The ValueSpecification shall evaluate to a Boolean value. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Activity, Activity Diagram, ControlNode, JoinNode, ActivityNode::incoming, ActivityEdge, JoinNode::joinSpec, ValueSpecification, token, Boolean
join – This type of Pseudostate serves as a common target Vertex for two or more Transitions originating from Vertices in different orthogonal Regions. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Pseudostate, PseudostateKind::join, Transition, Region, Vertex
CONSTRAINT Join nodes may have a joinSpec, which is a ValueSpecification that determines the condition under which the join will emit a token. If a JoinNode has a joinSpec, then this ValueSpecification is evaluated whenever a new token is offered to the JoinNode ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Activity, Activity Diagram, ControlNode, JoinNode, ActivityNode::incoming, ActivityEdge, JoinNode::joinSpec, ValueSpecification, token
INFO Items in warehouses are assigned a location, while resources in factories indicate own much they are being used as a percentage of time. Only objects that are items in warehouses or resources in factories have these location and utilization properties. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Classifier, Stereotype, Property PropertySpecificType
INFO ItemFlow::itemProperty : Property [0..1] An optional property that relates the flowing item to the instances of the connectors enclosing block. This property is applicable only for item flows realized by connectors. The itemProperty attribute has no ... OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InformationFlow ItemFlow, ItemFlow::itemProperty
CONSTRAINT ItemFlow::2_type_restricted An ItemFlow itemProperty shall be typed by a ValueType, Block, or Signal. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 ItemFlow, ItemFlow::itemProperty
INFO, NOTATION Item properties are owned by the common (possibly indirect) owner of the source and target of the item flow, rather than by the source and target types, as flow properties are. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InformationFlow ItemFlow
INFO Item flows specify the things that flow between blocks and/or parts and across associations or connectors. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 ItemFlow
INFO, NOTATION Item flows on connectors shall be compatible with flow properties of the blocks usages at each end of the connector, if any. The direction of the item flow shall be compatible with the direction of flow specified by the flow properties. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InformationFlow ItemFlow
INFO Item flows on connectors indicate fluid passes through the ports and between the parts. The diagram connects a tank to each end of a pipe. SysPhS-1.1 Connector SysML Internal Block Diagram, ItemFlow SysPhS, hydraulics
INFO Item flows in internal block diagrams specify flows local to a block. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InformationFlow ItemFlow
INFO Item flows can also be more general than the actual flow, as shown by the connector on the right. The water distiller produces distilled water, but the item flow is for any kind of fluid. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InformationFlow ItemFlow
EXAMPLE, INFO It will also be assumed that the overall mission cost effectiveness can be determined by applying an objective function to a set of criteria, each of which is represented by a measure of effectiveness. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 «moe» Measure of Effectiveness, objective function
INFO It may have an associated effect Behavior, which is executed when the Transition is traversed (executed). Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 State, StateMachine, Transition, Transition::effect
INFO It may also be described indirectly through a Collaboration that uses the UseCase and its Actors as the Classifiers that type its parts. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 UseCase, UseCase::subject, Behavior, BehavioredClassifier, Collaboration, Actor, part, Classifier
EXAMPLE, INFO It is the intent of the systems engineer in this example to allocate this behavior to parts of the PowerSubsystem. It is quickly found, however, that the behavior as depicted cannot be allocated, and must be further decomposed. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Activity, Behavior functional allocation
INFO It is sometimes desirable to construct views from other views, and to establish an order for presenting the views. Views may include one or more views as properties, each of which conforms to their viewpoint. The order of the referenced views is ... OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Property View, Conform, Viewpoint
INFO It is free of coma and spherical aberration at a nearly flat focal plane if the primary and secondary curvature are properly figured. Wikipedia reflecting telescope, reflector, optical telescope, telescope, Ritchey–Chrétien telescope, coma, spherical abberation, focal plane, mirror curvature, primary mirror, secondary mirror, mirror
INFO It is expected that an «allocate» relationship between model elements is a precursor to a more concrete relationship between the elements, their properties, operations, attributes, or sub-classes. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 «keyword», Class, Element, Property, attribute, Operation, Classifier::attribute Allocate, allocation, «allocate»
INFO It is exact because, by international agreement, a metre is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of ​1⁄299792458 second. Wikipedia light
INFO It is deemed complete if, after its execution, the subject will be in a state in which no further inputs or actions are expected and the UseCase can be initiated again, or in an error state. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 UseCase, Behavior, BehavioredClassifier, UseCase::subject error handling
INFO It is acknowledged that this concept does not support a standard object-oriented paradigm, not[r] is this always even desirable. Experience on large scale, complex systems engineering problems have proven, however, that segregation of form and function... OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Behavior Allocate, allocation, «allocate» functional allocation
INFO It has a model B with a val component. The val component has a start value of 10. A class A is defined with a component b of type B. A component modification indicates that the start value of b.val is 20.0. SysPhS-1.1 SysPhS, Modelica
INFO It captures the definition of blocks in terms of properties and operations, and relationships such as a system hierarchy or a system classification tree OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Diagram, Feature, Relationship, Association, Generalization, part, Property, Operation Block, SysML Block Definition Diagram systems engineering, Model-Based Systems Engineering, SysML, Systems Modeling Language
EXAMPLE, INFO It assumes a constant 100hp at the drive wheels, 4000lb gross vehicle weight, and constant values for Cd and Cf. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Timing Diagram, Constraint constraint parameter, ConstraintBlock
INFO Isobaric volumetric heat capacity C(P,v) J⋅cm−3⋅K−1 of liquid Water at 25 °C = 4.1796 Wikipedia volumetric heat capacity, thermodynamics, joule, kelvin, water, celsius
INFO Isobaric volumetric heat capacity C(P,v) J⋅cm−3⋅K−1 of liquid Water at 100 °C = 4.2160 Wikipedia volumetric heat capacity, thermodynamics, joule, kelvin, water, celsius
isControl : Boolean [1..1] = false Indicates whether the Pin provides data to the Action or just controls how the Action executes. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Pin, Pin::isControl
INFO InvocationAction::onPort : Port [0..1] For CallOperationActions, SendSignalActions, and SendObjectActions, an optional Port of the target object through which the invocation request is sent. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 InvocationAction, InvocationAction::onPort
INFO InvocationAction::argument : InputPin [0..*] The InputPins that provide the argument values passed in the invocation request. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 InvocationAction, InvocationAction::argument
EXAMPLE, INFO Inversely, the InternalCombustionEngine can read the isControlOn property of the PowerControlUnit across the connector to determine if the unit is still operating, and possibly shut down if it is not. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Connector HSUV sample problem, provided Feature, required Feature, part property, Block
INFO InterruptibleRegion – Interruptible regions are excluded from fUML because they are considered to be more appropriate for “higher level” process modeling and outside the scope of fUML. Semantics of a Foundational Subset for Executable UML Models 1.4 "InterruptibleRegion", InterruptibleActivityRegion Foundational UML, simulation
CONSTRAINT, INFO Internal connectors to proxy ports can be typed by association blocks, including when the connector is binding. Association OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Port, Feature, Connector, internal Connector ProxyPort, BindingConnector, AssociationBlock
INFO Internal connectors to ports are the ones inside the ports owner (specifically, they are the ones that do not have a UML partwithPort on the connector end linked to the port, assuming NestedConnectorEnd is not applied to that end, or if NestedConnectorEnd OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Port, ConnectorEnd::partwithPort, internal Connector NestedConnectorEnd
INFO internal - Implies that the Transition, if triggered, occurs without exiting or entering the source State (i.e., it does not cause a state change). This means that the entry or exit condition of the source State will not be invoked. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Transition, TransitionKind, Transition::kind, Enumeration, TransitionKind::internal, State::entry, State::exit
INFO Interfaces may also be used to specify required Interfaces, which are specified by a Usage dependency between the BehavioredClassifier and the corresponding Interfaces. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 BehavioredClassifier, Interface, Usage, required Interface
CONSTRAINT InterfaceBlock::isconjugated_not_used Any port typed by an InterfaceBlock shall have its isConjugated property set to false. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.7beta1 Port::isConjugated InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock
CONSTRAINT InterfaceBlock::3_interfaceblock_typed_ports Ports owned by interface blocks shall only be typed by interface blocks. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock
CONSTRAINT InterfaceBlock::2_no_part Interface blocks composite properties are either ports, value properties or flow properties. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Port, AggregationKind::composite InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock, value property, FlowProperty
CONSTRAINT InterfaceBlock::1_no_behavior Interface blocks shall not own or inherit behaviors, have classifier behaviors, or methods for their behavioral features. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock
INFO InterfaceBlock ... for example, in flow properties are conjugated as out flow properties and provided features are conjugated as required features. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock, conjugation, ~InterfaceBlock::original, DirectedFeature, FlowProperty, FlowProperty::direction, FlowDirectionKind, DirectedFeature::featureDirection, FeatureDirectionKind, FlowDirectionKind::in, FlowDirectionKind::out, FeatureDirectionKind::provided, FeatureDirectionKind::providedrequired
CONSTRAINT Interface blocks cannot have behaviors, including classifier behaviors or methods, or internal parts. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 InterfaceBlock, ~InterfaceBlock
EXAMPLE Interactions in block definition diagrams can also appear with the same notation as InteractionUses. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Interaction, Association, Parameter, InteractionUse SysML Block Definition Diagram
EXAMPLE Interactions in block definition diagrams appear as regular blocks, except the «interaction» keyword may be used to indicate the Block stereotype is applied to an interaction, as shown in Figure 12-1 OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Interaction «interaction», SysML Block Definition Diagram
INFO Instead of the client specifying which service it will use, the injector tells the client what service to use. The "injection" refers to the passing of a dependency (a service) into the object (a client) that would use it. Wikipedia software engineering, dependency injection
INFO InstanceSpecification::specification : ValueSpecification [0..1] ... A specification of how to compute, derive, or construct the instance. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 instance, InstanceSpecification, InstanceSpecification::classifier, ValueSpecification
INFO InstanceSpecification::slot : Slot [0..*] ... It is not necessary to model a Slot for every StructuralFeature, in which case the InstanceSpecification is a partial description. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 instance, InstanceSpecification, InstanceSpecification::slot, Slot, StructuralFeature, Classifier
INFO InstanceSpecification::slot : Slot [0..*] ... A Slot giving the value or values of a StructuralFeature of the instance. An InstanceSpecification can have one Slot per StructuralFeature of its Classifiers, including inherited features. ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 instance, InstanceSpecification, InstanceSpecification::slot, Slot, StructuralFeature, Classifier
INFO InstanceSpecification::classifer : Classifier [0..*] ... The Classifier or Classifiers of the represented instance. If multiple Classifiers are specified, the instance is classified by all of them. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 instance, InstanceSpecification, InstanceSpecification::classifier, Classifier
INFO Instances of a structured DataType are considered to be equal if and only if the structure is the same and the values of the corresponding attributes are equal. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Type, DataType, Classifier, structured DataType
SEMANTIC InitialNodes are an exception to the rule that ControlNodes cannot “hold” tokens, but only manage their flow. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Activity, InitialNode, ControlNode, control token, InitialNode
INFO Initial value compartments may be specified within nested properties, which then apply only in the particular usage context defined by the outermost containing block. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 compartment initial values, initialValues compartment, context-specific values
SEMANTIC initial - An initial Pseudostate represents a starting point for a Region; that is, it is the point from which execution of its contained behavior commences when the Region is entered via default activation. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 PseudostateKind::initial, Region
CONSTRAINT initial - ... It is the source for at most one Transition, which may have an associated effect Behavior, but not an associated trigger or guard. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 PseudostateKind::initial, Transition, Transition::effect, Transition::guard
INFO Infrared radiation with wavelengths just longer than visible light, known as near-infrared, behaves in a very similar way to visible light, and can be detected using similar solid state devices ... Wikipedia far infrared, near infrared, infrared astronomy
INFO Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical objects visible in infrared (IR) radiation. Wikipedia infrared, infrared astronomy, mirror, lens
INFO Infrared and optical astronomy are often practiced using the same telescopes, as the same mirrors or lenses are usually effective over a wavelength range that includes both visible and infrared light. Wikipedia infrared, infrared astronomy, mirror, lens
CONSTRAINT incoming_control_one_input_parameter If the DecisionNode has a decisionInputFlow and an incoming ControlFlow, then any decisionInput Behavior has one in Parameter ... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 DecisionNode, ActivityEdge, ActivityNode::incoming, ControlFlow, DecisionNode::decisionInputFlow, DecisionNode::decisionInput, Parameter, Parameter::direction, ParameterDirectionKind::in, Behavior::inputParameters(), Behavior, TypedElement, object token, token, TypedElement::type, Type
INFO In this section, we’ll discuss relatively simple engineering domains. These are ones where a connector deals with only one through and one across variable. Conceptually, this means that only one conserved quantity is involved with that connector. Modelica By Example Modelica, acausal connection
INFO In this example, ports are typed by RealSignalOutElement and RealSignalInElement from the signal flow library ... which both have a flow property rSig typed by Real, from SysML, as shown in Figure 49. SysPhS-1.1 Port "standard" Port, FlowProperty, Real SysPhS, signal processing
INFO In this example, constraint blocks PipeConstraint and TankConstraint define parameters and equations for pipes and tanks, respectively, as shown in Figure 61. SysPhS-1.1 Constraint constraint parameter, ConstraintBlock
INFO In this example, a constraint block BinarySignalComponentConstraint defines the parameters for one input (ip) and one output (op), common to amplifiers, low-pass filters, and high-pass filters, as shown in Figure 51. SysPhS-1.1 Constraint ConstraintBlock, constraint parameter SysPhS, signal processing, amplifier, high-pass filter, low-pass filter
INFO In this example, a constraint block BinaryElectricalComponentConstraint defines parameters and constraints common to resistors, inductors, capacitors, and sources, as shown in Figure 40. SysPhS-1.1 Constraint constraint parameter, ConstraintBlock, Block SysPhS
INFO In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Wikipedia heat, energy, energy transfer, thermal transfer, thermodynamics
INFO In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary Wikipedia heat, thermodynamics, energy, energy transfer
INFO In theory, a particle and its anti-particle (for example, a proton and an antiproton) have the same mass, but opposite electric charge and other differences in quantum numbers. For example, a proton has positive charge while an antiproton has negative ... Wikipedia
INFO In the UK and Ireland, as well as the rest of Europe, lowercase l is used with prefixes, though whole litres are often written in full (so, "750 ml" on a wine bottle, but often "1 litre" on a juice carton). Wikipedia litre, units, scientific unit system, volume, SI unit, SI alternative unit, ISO-80000, United Kingdom, Ireland, Europe
INFO In the Gregorian design, the primary mirror creates a real image before the secondary mirror. This allows for a field stop to be placed at this location, so that the light from outside the field of view does not reach the secondary mirror. Wikipedia telescope, Gregorian reflector, field stop, optics, primary mirror, secondary mirror
INFO In the case of the profile diagram, profile definitions can be captured on a package diagram and the parametric diagram. OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6 Diagram, Object Diagram, Communication Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram, Timing Diagram, Deployment Diagram, Profile Diagram SysML Package Diagram, SysML Parametric Diagram
INFO In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s. Wikipedia telescope, optical telescope, astronomy
INFO In some contexts, especially in photography and astronomy, aperture refers to the diameter of the aperture stop rather than the physical stop or the opening itself. Wikipedia optical telescope, telescope, aperture, optics, astronomy, astrophotography
INFO In some cases, multiple concurrent executions of an ExecutableNode may be ongoing at one time (see the semantics of isLocallyReentrant=true for Actions ... ). In this case, the ExecutableNode holds one control token for each concurrent execution. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 Behavior, Activity, Activity Diagram, ExecutableNode, implicit join, ControlFlow, ActivityNode::incoming, token, control token
INFO In software engineering, dependency injection is a technique in which an object receives other objects that it depends on. These other objects are called dependencies. Wikipedia software engineering, dependency injection
INFO In ray diagrams ... real rays of light are always represented by full, solid lines; perceived or extrapolated rays of light are represented by dashed lines. Wikipedia optics, image, light ray, focus point, virtual image, real image
INFO In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei. Wikipedia
INFO In physics, a vapor or vapour is a substance in the gas phase at a temperature which means that the vapor can be condensed to a liquid by increasing the pressure on it without reducing the temperature of the vapor. Wikipedia vapour, Psychrometrics, gas
NOTATION In particular, there is scope for confusion between a UseCase appearing visually contained in a boundary rectangle representing a Classifier that is its subject, and appearing visually contained in a compartment of a Classifier that is its owner... Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1 UseCase, UseCase::subject, Classifier
INFO In particle physics, mesons are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions. Wikipedia
INFO In particle physics, every type of particle is associated with [an] antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge). Wikipedia
INFO In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin ​1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. Wikipedia
INFO In particle physics, a hadron ... is a subatomic composite particle made of two or more quarks ... Wikipedia